Security and Consensus Mechanisms in Avalanche:

"When is Spring coming? A Security Analysis of Avalanche Consensus" analyzes the Avalanche consensus protocol's security, including a detailed formulation of Avalanche through pseudocode and an analysis of formal properties fulfilled by Avalanche in terms of a generic broadcast protocol. It also identifies a vulnerability affecting the protocol's liveness and proposes a solution (Amores-Sesar, Cachin, & Tedeschi, 2022).